Spray calendar

              SPRAY CALENDAR,                                                                           E. G. LODEMAN.                MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.                                                             BULLETIN NO. 30.                                                                       April 15, 1895.  Re-printed by consent of Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station, given by I. P. Roberts, is director, to P. Schweitzer, acting director of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station.       In the preparation of this calendar the most important points regarding sprays have been selected and arranged in such a manner that the grower can see at a  glance what to apply and when to make the applications. The more important insect and fungous enemies are also mentioned, so that a fairly clear understanding of  the work can be obtained by examining the table below. When making the applications advised, other enemies than those mentioned are also kept under control, for  only the most serious ones could be named in so brief an outline. The directions given have been carefully compiled from the latest results obtained by leading horti-  culturists and entomologists, and they may be followed with safety.       NOTICE.-In this calendar it will be seen that some applications are italicized and these are the ones which are most important. The number of applications given  in each case has particular reference to localities in which fungous and insect enemies are most abundant. If your crops are not troubled when some applications are  advised, it is unnecessary to make any. It should be remembered that in all cases success is dependent upon the exercise of proper judgment in making applications.  Know the enemy to be destroyed; know the remedies that are most effective; and, finally, apply them at the proper season. Be prompt, thorough and persistent.  Knowledge and good judgment are more necessary to success than any definite rules which can be laid down.         PLANT.             First Application.     Second Application.    Third Application.    Fourth Application.     Fifth Application.     Sixth Application.  APPLE    .............   When     buds    are   Just before blossoms   When blossoms have  8-12 days later, Bor-     10-14 days later, Bor- 10-14 dayslater, Bor-    (Scab, codlin moth, swelling, copper sul- open, Bordeaux.     For fallen, Bordeaux   and deaux and Arsenites.    deaux.                 deaux.  bud moth.)             phate solution,        bud   moth,  Arsenites Arsenites.                                                when leaf buds open.  BEAN..    ............    When third leaf ex-   10 days later, Bor-    14 days later, Bor-    14 days later, Bor-    (Anthracnose.)       pands, Bordeaux.       deaux.                 deaux.                 deaux.  CABBAGE                   When worms or aphis   7-10 days later, if    7-10 days later, if    Repeat third in 10-    (When plants     are    (Worms, aphis.)      are first seen, Kerosene not heading, renew   heading, hot water 130 14 days if necessary.  small, Arsenites may                         emulsion.              emulsion.              degrees F.                                    be  used   to   check                                                                                                                     worms.)  CARNATION.               When rust is first no- For rust repeat first  Repeat second using    Repeat   second   as    (Rust   and  other ticed, Bordeaux. Kero- in 10-14 days. For red the Ammoniacal ear- before, if necessary.  fungous  diseases, red sene emulsion when red spider repeat in 3-4 bonate of copper if  spider.)               spider is first seen.  days.                  plants are in bloom.  CHERRY ..    ....  .     As buds are break-     When fruit has set,    10-14 days    if rot   10-14days later,    (Rot, aphis, slug.)  ing, Bordeaux; when Bordeaux.       If slugs appears, Bordeaux.      Ammoniacal copper                         aphis appears, Kero- appear, dust leaves                             carbonate.                         sene emulsion.         with air-slaked lime.                                                Hellebore.  CURRANT          ....    Atfirst sign of worms, 10 days later, helle-  If worms     persist,    (Mildew, worms.)     Arsenites.             bore. If leaves mildew, Hellebore.                                                Bordeaux.  GOOSEBERRY....      .    When leaves expand,    10-14   days   later,  10-14 days later, Am-  10-14 days later, re-    (Mildew, worms.)     Bordeaux. For worms Bordeaux. For worms moniacal copper carbon- peat third..                         as above.              as above.              ate.  For  worms    as                                                                       above.  GRAPE                    In spring when buds    When leaves are 1-     When flowers have      10-14 days later, Bor- 10-14 days later if    10-14 days, Ammo-    (Fungous    diseases, swell, copper sulphate 1 1-2 inches in diame- fallen, Bordeaux. Paris deaux.               any disease appears, niacal copper carbon-  Flea-beetle.)          solution. Paris green ter, Bordeaux.    Paris green as before.                              Bordeaux.              ate.  Make later ap-                         for flea-beetle,       green for larvae of flea-                                                                   plications of this if                                                beetle:                                                                                     necessary.  NURSERY STOCK .....      When first leaves ap-  10-14  days, repeat    10-14 day, repeat      10-14 days, repeat     10-14 days, repeat     10-14  days repeat   (Fungous diseases.) pear, Bordeaux.         first.                 first,                 first,                 first,                 first. PEACH, NECTARINE,         Before buds   swell,   Before flowers open,   When fruit has set,    When fruit is nearly   5-10 days later re-    5-10 days later, re-      APRICOT.. ........ copper sulphate solu- Bordeaux.               Bordeaux.              grown, Ammoniacal cop- peat fourth,           peat fourth if neees-    (Rot, mildew.)       tion.                                                                per carbonate.                                sary.  PEAR..      ......        As buds are swell-    Just before blossoms   After blossoms have    8-12 days later, re-   10-14  days   later,  10-14 days later, re-    (Leaf  blight, scab, ing, copper sulphate open, Bordeaux. Kero- fallen, Bordeaux     and   peat third.           Bordeaux.   Kerosene peat fifth if necessary.  psylla, codlin moth.)  solution,              sene  emulsion   when Arsenites.    Kerosene                         emulsion applied forci-                                                leaves open for psylla. emulsion if necessary,                       bly for psylla.  PLUM.....         ..     During first warm      When buds are swell-   When blossoms have     10-14 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor-    (Fungous    diseases, days of early spring, ing, Bordeaux for black fallen,Bordeaux. Begin deaux. Jar trees for deaux for black knot. deaux for black knot.  curculio.)             Bordeaux for black knot. knot and other fungous to jar trees for curculio. curculio every 2-4 days. Jar trees for curculio. Later applications may                         When leaves are off in diseases. During mid- Before buds start in For San      Jose scale, When     young   plum   be necessary to prevent                         the fall, Kerosene emul- winter,Kerosene emul- spring, Kerosene emul- Kerosene emulsion scale insects first ap- leaf spot and fruit rot,                         sion for plum scale,   sion for plum scale.   sion for plum scale,   when young appear in pear in summer, Kero- use Ammoniacal copper                                                                                              spring and summer,     sene emulsion,         carbonate.  POTATO. ......           Soak seed for scab in  When beetles first ap- When vines are two-    10-15 days later, re-  10-15 days later, Bor-    (Scab, blight, beetles.) corrosive sublimate so- pear, Arsenites.         thirds grown, Bordeaux. peat third,            deaux if necessary.                         lution (2 oz. to 16 gals.                     Arsenites for beetles if                                                                      0                         of water) for 90 min-                         necessary.                                                                                    0                         utes.  QUINCE .   ......        When blossom buds      When fruit has set,    10-20   days later,    10-20 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor-    (Leaf and fruit spot.) appear, Bordeaux.    Bordeaux and Arsen- Bordeaux.                 deaux.                 deaux.                                                ites.  RASPBERRY.. 1            Before buds break,     During summer, if      Repeat   second   if   (Orange or red rust  BLACKBERRY .... copper sulphate solu- rust appears on leaves, necessary,                    is treated best by de-  DEWBERRY. .            tion.  Cut out badly Bordeaux.                                       stroying  entirely the    (Anthracnose, rust.) diseased canes,                                                      affected plants.)  RosE:.     . ....        For mildew.    Keep    For   black    spot.   For    red   spider.   For aphis.    Spray                           (Kerosene emulsion.    (Mildew, black spot, heating pipes painted Spray plants once a Spray plants twice a affected        parts  with                         must be used very di-  red spider, aphis,)    with equal arts of lime week with Ammoniacal week with Kerosene Kerosene       emulsion                            lute, as rose foliage is                         and. sulphur mixed with copper carbonate, using emulsion. Apply   to when necessary.                               easily injured by it.)                         water to form  a thin fine spray,             under side of foliage.                         paste.  STRAWBERRY ....        As first fruits are set- As first fruits are  When  last fruits are  Repeat third if foli-    Repeat third if nee-   (Young plants not in    (Rust.)              tling .Bordeaux.       ripening, Ammoniacal harvested, Bordeaux.     age rusts,             essary.                bearing may be treat-                                                copper carbonate.                                                                           ed throughout the                                                                                                                                            fruiting season.)  TOMATO ..... ........    At first appearance    Repeat first if dis-   Repeat first when    (Rot, blight.)       of blight or rot, under eases are not checked. necessary.                         glass or out of doors,                         Bordeaux.  VIOLET... ......             When  blight is first  Repeat first in 10-20  Repeat first in 10-20  Repeat first if nee-   (Bordeaux   mixture     (Kerosene emulsion    (Blight, red spider.) seen in summer, Bor- days for blight,        days for blight,       essary.                has been   tested for must be used very di-                         deaux." Kerosene emul-                                                                      violet diseases only to lute, as violet foliage                         sion for insects when                                                                       a limited extent.)     is easily injured by it.)                         necessary.                   Bordeaux Mixture.                                   Copper Sulphate Solution.                position of London purple is exceedingly variable, and un-  Copper sulphate .. ....... .... '... .. ......... ........6 pounds                                            less good reasons exist for supposing that it contains as much  Quicklime ...................         ....4   "        Copper sulphate ...................... ,..... .......... i pound  arsenic  as Paris green, use  the  latter poison.  Do  not use  Water. , ........ * .. ....... -  * * -*......... "^ ' o* - **  o.   gallons  Water. . ........................... ................ 15 gallons  London  purple on  peach  or plum  trees  unless considerable    Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in a bag of Dissolve the copper sulphate in the water, when it is ready  lime is added. For insects which chew.  coarse cloth and hanging this in a vessel holding at least 4  for use. This should never be applied to foliage, but must be  gallons, so that it is just covered by the water. Use an  used before the buds break. For peaches and nectarines use              Hellebore.  earthen or wooden vessel. Slake the lime in an equal   25 gallons of water. For fungous diseases.             Fresh white hellebore ....................... .........I ounce  amount of water Then mix the two and add enough water                      Paris Green.                                          It is then ready for immediate use but Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so ener-  will keep indefinitely. If the mixture is to be used on peach  Paris green....... ............... .......... ......... i pound  getic as the arsenites and may be used a short time before the  foliage it is advisable to add an extra pound of lime to the  Water ........................  .. ..... .... 2oo--3oo gallons  sprayed portions mature. For insects which chew.  above formula. When applied to such plants as carnations If this mixture is to be used upon peach trees, 1 pound of  or cabbages it will adhere better if about a pound of hard  quicklime should be added. Repeated applications will in-         Kerosene Emulsion.  soap be dissolved in hot water and added to the mixture,  jure most foliage, unless lime is added. Paris green and  For rots, moulds, mildews and fungous diseases.        Bordeaux mixture can be applied together with perfect safety.  Hard soap ......................*............ ..... 1/2 pound              Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate.               Use at the rate of 4 ounces of the arsenites to 50 gallons of the  Boiling water ........................ .......... ..... i gallon        Copper carbonate..................... .  mixture.  The action of neither is weakened, and  the Paris  Kerosene ................. .......................... 2 gallons                Copper carbonate.........................1 ounce  green loses all caustic properties. For insects which chew.  Dissolve the soap inthewater, add the kerosene, and churn   Ammonia ...................... enough to dissolve the copper                                                 with a pump for 5-10 minutes. Dilute 10 to 25 times before   Water. ................... ........................ 9 gallons            London Purple.                      applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects. For   The copper carbonate is best dissolved in large bottles,                                                     insects which suck, as plant lice, mealy bugs, red spider,   where it will keep indefinitely, and it should be diluted with  This is used in the same proportion as Paris green, but as  thrips, bark lice or scale. Cabbage worms, currant worms,   water as required. For the same purposes as Bordeaux   it is more caustic it should be applied with two or three times  and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be success-   mixture.                                               its weight of lime, or with the Bordeaux mixture, The com- fully treated.