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SPRAY CALENDAR, E. G. LODEMAN. MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. BULLETIN NO. 30. April 15, 1895. Re-printed by consent of Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station, given by I. P. Roberts, is director, to P. Schweitzer, acting director of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. In the preparation of this calendar the most important points regarding sprays have been selected and arranged in such a manner that the grower can see at a glance what to apply and when to make the applications. The more important insect and fungous enemies are also mentioned, so that a fairly clear understanding of the work can be obtained by examining the table below. When making the applications advised, other enemies than those mentioned are also kept under control, for only the most serious ones could be named in so brief an outline. The directions given have been carefully compiled from the latest results obtained by leading horti- culturists and entomologists, and they may be followed with safety. NOTICE.-In this calendar it will be seen that some applications are italicized and these are the ones which are most important. The number of applications given in each case has particular reference to localities in which fungous and insect enemies are most abundant. If your crops are not troubled when some applications are advised, it is unnecessary to make any. It should be remembered that in all cases success is dependent upon the exercise of proper judgment in making applications. Know the enemy to be destroyed; know the remedies that are most effective; and, finally, apply them at the proper season. Be prompt, thorough and persistent. Knowledge and good judgment are more necessary to success than any definite rules which can be laid down. PLANT. First Application. Second Application. Third Application. Fourth Application. Fifth Application. Sixth Application. APPLE ............. When buds are Just before blossoms When blossoms have 8-12 days later, Bor- 10-14 days later, Bor- 10-14 dayslater, Bor- (Scab, codlin moth, swelling, copper sul- open, Bordeaux. For fallen, Bordeaux and deaux and Arsenites. deaux. deaux. bud moth.) phate solution, bud moth, Arsenites Arsenites. when leaf buds open. BEAN.. ............ When third leaf ex- 10 days later, Bor- 14 days later, Bor- 14 days later, Bor- (Anthracnose.) pands, Bordeaux. deaux. deaux. deaux. CABBAGE When worms or aphis 7-10 days later, if 7-10 days later, if Repeat third in 10- (When plants are (Worms, aphis.) are first seen, Kerosene not heading, renew heading, hot water 130 14 days if necessary. small, Arsenites may emulsion. emulsion. degrees F. be used to check worms.) CARNATION. When rust is first no- For rust repeat first Repeat second using Repeat second as (Rust and other ticed, Bordeaux. Kero- in 10-14 days. For red the Ammoniacal ear- before, if necessary. fungous diseases, red sene emulsion when red spider repeat in 3-4 bonate of copper if spider.) spider is first seen. days. plants are in bloom. CHERRY .. .... . As buds are break- When fruit has set, 10-14 days if rot 10-14days later, (Rot, aphis, slug.) ing, Bordeaux; when Bordeaux. If slugs appears, Bordeaux. Ammoniacal copper aphis appears, Kero- appear, dust leaves carbonate. sene emulsion. with air-slaked lime. Hellebore. CURRANT .... Atfirst sign of worms, 10 days later, helle- If worms persist, (Mildew, worms.) Arsenites. bore. If leaves mildew, Hellebore. Bordeaux. GOOSEBERRY.... . When leaves expand, 10-14 days later, 10-14 days later, Am- 10-14 days later, re- (Mildew, worms.) Bordeaux. For worms Bordeaux. For worms moniacal copper carbon- peat third.. as above. as above. ate. For worms as above. GRAPE In spring when buds When leaves are 1- When flowers have 10-14 days later, Bor- 10-14 days later if 10-14 days, Ammo- (Fungous diseases, swell, copper sulphate 1 1-2 inches in diame- fallen, Bordeaux. Paris deaux. any disease appears, niacal copper carbon- Flea-beetle.) solution. Paris green ter, Bordeaux. Paris green as before. Bordeaux. ate. Make later ap- for flea-beetle, green for larvae of flea- plications of this if beetle: necessary. NURSERY STOCK ..... When first leaves ap- 10-14 days, repeat 10-14 day, repeat 10-14 days, repeat 10-14 days, repeat 10-14 days repeat (Fungous diseases.) pear, Bordeaux. first. first, first, first, first. PEACH, NECTARINE, Before buds swell, Before flowers open, When fruit has set, When fruit is nearly 5-10 days later re- 5-10 days later, re- APRICOT.. ........ copper sulphate solu- Bordeaux. Bordeaux. grown, Ammoniacal cop- peat fourth, peat fourth if neees- (Rot, mildew.) tion. per carbonate. sary. PEAR.. ...... As buds are swell- Just before blossoms After blossoms have 8-12 days later, re- 10-14 days later, 10-14 days later, re- (Leaf blight, scab, ing, copper sulphate open, Bordeaux. Kero- fallen, Bordeaux and peat third. Bordeaux. Kerosene peat fifth if necessary. psylla, codlin moth.) solution, sene emulsion when Arsenites. Kerosene emulsion applied forci- leaves open for psylla. emulsion if necessary, bly for psylla. PLUM..... .. During first warm When buds are swell- When blossoms have 10-14 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor- (Fungous diseases, days of early spring, ing, Bordeaux for black fallen,Bordeaux. Begin deaux. Jar trees for deaux for black knot. deaux for black knot. curculio.) Bordeaux for black knot. knot and other fungous to jar trees for curculio. curculio every 2-4 days. Jar trees for curculio. Later applications may When leaves are off in diseases. During mid- Before buds start in For San Jose scale, When young plum be necessary to prevent the fall, Kerosene emul- winter,Kerosene emul- spring, Kerosene emul- Kerosene emulsion scale insects first ap- leaf spot and fruit rot, sion for plum scale, sion for plum scale. sion for plum scale, when young appear in pear in summer, Kero- use Ammoniacal copper spring and summer, sene emulsion, carbonate. POTATO. ...... Soak seed for scab in When beetles first ap- When vines are two- 10-15 days later, re- 10-15 days later, Bor- (Scab, blight, beetles.) corrosive sublimate so- pear, Arsenites. thirds grown, Bordeaux. peat third, deaux if necessary. lution (2 oz. to 16 gals. Arsenites for beetles if 0 of water) for 90 min- necessary. 0 utes. QUINCE . ...... When blossom buds When fruit has set, 10-20 days later, 10-20 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor- (Leaf and fruit spot.) appear, Bordeaux. Bordeaux and Arsen- Bordeaux. deaux. deaux. ites. RASPBERRY.. 1 Before buds break, During summer, if Repeat second if (Orange or red rust BLACKBERRY .... copper sulphate solu- rust appears on leaves, necessary, is treated best by de- DEWBERRY. . tion. Cut out badly Bordeaux. stroying entirely the (Anthracnose, rust.) diseased canes, affected plants.) RosE:. . .... For mildew. Keep For black spot. For red spider. For aphis. Spray (Kerosene emulsion. (Mildew, black spot, heating pipes painted Spray plants once a Spray plants twice a affected parts with must be used very di- red spider, aphis,) with equal arts of lime week with Ammoniacal week with Kerosene Kerosene emulsion lute, as rose foliage is and. sulphur mixed with copper carbonate, using emulsion. Apply to when necessary. easily injured by it.) water to form a thin fine spray, under side of foliage. paste. STRAWBERRY .... As first fruits are set- As first fruits are When last fruits are Repeat third if foli- Repeat third if nee- (Young plants not in (Rust.) tling .Bordeaux. ripening, Ammoniacal harvested, Bordeaux. age rusts, essary. bearing may be treat- copper carbonate. ed throughout the fruiting season.) TOMATO ..... ........ At first appearance Repeat first if dis- Repeat first when (Rot, blight.) of blight or rot, under eases are not checked. necessary. glass or out of doors, Bordeaux. VIOLET... ...... When blight is first Repeat first in 10-20 Repeat first in 10-20 Repeat first if nee- (Bordeaux mixture (Kerosene emulsion (Blight, red spider.) seen in summer, Bor- days for blight, days for blight, essary. has been tested for must be used very di- deaux." Kerosene emul- violet diseases only to lute, as violet foliage sion for insects when a limited extent.) is easily injured by it.) necessary. Bordeaux Mixture. Copper Sulphate Solution. position of London purple is exceedingly variable, and un- Copper sulphate .. ....... .... '... .. ......... ........6 pounds less good reasons exist for supposing that it contains as much Quicklime ................... ....4 " Copper sulphate ...................... ,..... .......... i pound arsenic as Paris green, use the latter poison. Do not use Water. , ........ * .. ....... - * * -*......... "^ ' o* - ** o. gallons Water. . ........................... ................ 15 gallons London purple on peach or plum trees unless considerable Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in a bag of Dissolve the copper sulphate in the water, when it is ready lime is added. For insects which chew. coarse cloth and hanging this in a vessel holding at least 4 for use. This should never be applied to foliage, but must be gallons, so that it is just covered by the water. Use an used before the buds break. For peaches and nectarines use Hellebore. earthen or wooden vessel. Slake the lime in an equal 25 gallons of water. For fungous diseases. Fresh white hellebore ....................... .........I ounce amount of water Then mix the two and add enough water Paris Green. It is then ready for immediate use but Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so ener- will keep indefinitely. If the mixture is to be used on peach Paris green....... ............... .......... ......... i pound getic as the arsenites and may be used a short time before the foliage it is advisable to add an extra pound of lime to the Water ........................ .. ..... .... 2oo--3oo gallons sprayed portions mature. For insects which chew. above formula. When applied to such plants as carnations If this mixture is to be used upon peach trees, 1 pound of or cabbages it will adhere better if about a pound of hard quicklime should be added. Repeated applications will in- Kerosene Emulsion. soap be dissolved in hot water and added to the mixture, jure most foliage, unless lime is added. Paris green and For rots, moulds, mildews and fungous diseases. Bordeaux mixture can be applied together with perfect safety. Hard soap ......................*............ ..... 1/2 pound Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate. Use at the rate of 4 ounces of the arsenites to 50 gallons of the Boiling water ........................ .......... ..... i gallon Copper carbonate..................... . mixture. The action of neither is weakened, and the Paris Kerosene ................. .......................... 2 gallons Copper carbonate.........................1 ounce green loses all caustic properties. For insects which chew. Dissolve the soap inthewater, add the kerosene, and churn Ammonia ...................... enough to dissolve the copper with a pump for 5-10 minutes. Dilute 10 to 25 times before Water. ................... ........................ 9 gallons London Purple. applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects. For The copper carbonate is best dissolved in large bottles, insects which suck, as plant lice, mealy bugs, red spider, where it will keep indefinitely, and it should be diluted with This is used in the same proportion as Paris green, but as thrips, bark lice or scale. Cabbage worms, currant worms, water as required. For the same purposes as Bordeaux it is more caustic it should be applied with two or three times and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be success- mixture. its weight of lime, or with the Bordeaux mixture, The com- fully treated.
Object Description
Title | Spray calendar |
Creator | Lodeman, E.G. |
Identifier | ageb000030 |
Subject.Local | DISEASES-fruit; FRUIT-diseases; FRUIT-pest control; INSECTICIDES-preparation of; PEST CONTROL-fruit |
Date.Original | 1895 |
Date.Digital | 2007 |
Format | image |
Relation | University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Publications |
Source | Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 030, April 15, 1895 |
Type | jpeg |
Publisher | University Archives of the University of Missouri-Columbia |
Rights | All digital images copyright 2007, The Curators of the University of Missouri. The Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. The University Archives of the University of Missouri-Columbia reserves the right to refuse photocopying or reproducing an image if, in its judgment, the reproduction would be used for purposes other than personal or private scholarship, use, or research. If a user employs a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair use, that user may be liable for copyright infringement. |
Contributors | University of Missouri Department of Agriculture |
Language | English |
Description
Title | ageb000030p0001 |
Transcript | SPRAY CALENDAR, E. G. LODEMAN. MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. BULLETIN NO. 30. April 15, 1895. Re-printed by consent of Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station, given by I. P. Roberts, is director, to P. Schweitzer, acting director of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. In the preparation of this calendar the most important points regarding sprays have been selected and arranged in such a manner that the grower can see at a glance what to apply and when to make the applications. The more important insect and fungous enemies are also mentioned, so that a fairly clear understanding of the work can be obtained by examining the table below. When making the applications advised, other enemies than those mentioned are also kept under control, for only the most serious ones could be named in so brief an outline. The directions given have been carefully compiled from the latest results obtained by leading horti- culturists and entomologists, and they may be followed with safety. NOTICE.-In this calendar it will be seen that some applications are italicized and these are the ones which are most important. The number of applications given in each case has particular reference to localities in which fungous and insect enemies are most abundant. If your crops are not troubled when some applications are advised, it is unnecessary to make any. It should be remembered that in all cases success is dependent upon the exercise of proper judgment in making applications. Know the enemy to be destroyed; know the remedies that are most effective; and, finally, apply them at the proper season. Be prompt, thorough and persistent. Knowledge and good judgment are more necessary to success than any definite rules which can be laid down. PLANT. First Application. Second Application. Third Application. Fourth Application. Fifth Application. Sixth Application. APPLE ............. When buds are Just before blossoms When blossoms have 8-12 days later, Bor- 10-14 days later, Bor- 10-14 dayslater, Bor- (Scab, codlin moth, swelling, copper sul- open, Bordeaux. For fallen, Bordeaux and deaux and Arsenites. deaux. deaux. bud moth.) phate solution, bud moth, Arsenites Arsenites. when leaf buds open. BEAN.. ............ When third leaf ex- 10 days later, Bor- 14 days later, Bor- 14 days later, Bor- (Anthracnose.) pands, Bordeaux. deaux. deaux. deaux. CABBAGE When worms or aphis 7-10 days later, if 7-10 days later, if Repeat third in 10- (When plants are (Worms, aphis.) are first seen, Kerosene not heading, renew heading, hot water 130 14 days if necessary. small, Arsenites may emulsion. emulsion. degrees F. be used to check worms.) CARNATION. When rust is first no- For rust repeat first Repeat second using Repeat second as (Rust and other ticed, Bordeaux. Kero- in 10-14 days. For red the Ammoniacal ear- before, if necessary. fungous diseases, red sene emulsion when red spider repeat in 3-4 bonate of copper if spider.) spider is first seen. days. plants are in bloom. CHERRY .. .... . As buds are break- When fruit has set, 10-14 days if rot 10-14days later, (Rot, aphis, slug.) ing, Bordeaux; when Bordeaux. If slugs appears, Bordeaux. Ammoniacal copper aphis appears, Kero- appear, dust leaves carbonate. sene emulsion. with air-slaked lime. Hellebore. CURRANT .... Atfirst sign of worms, 10 days later, helle- If worms persist, (Mildew, worms.) Arsenites. bore. If leaves mildew, Hellebore. Bordeaux. GOOSEBERRY.... . When leaves expand, 10-14 days later, 10-14 days later, Am- 10-14 days later, re- (Mildew, worms.) Bordeaux. For worms Bordeaux. For worms moniacal copper carbon- peat third.. as above. as above. ate. For worms as above. GRAPE In spring when buds When leaves are 1- When flowers have 10-14 days later, Bor- 10-14 days later if 10-14 days, Ammo- (Fungous diseases, swell, copper sulphate 1 1-2 inches in diame- fallen, Bordeaux. Paris deaux. any disease appears, niacal copper carbon- Flea-beetle.) solution. Paris green ter, Bordeaux. Paris green as before. Bordeaux. ate. Make later ap- for flea-beetle, green for larvae of flea- plications of this if beetle: necessary. NURSERY STOCK ..... When first leaves ap- 10-14 days, repeat 10-14 day, repeat 10-14 days, repeat 10-14 days, repeat 10-14 days repeat (Fungous diseases.) pear, Bordeaux. first. first, first, first, first. PEACH, NECTARINE, Before buds swell, Before flowers open, When fruit has set, When fruit is nearly 5-10 days later re- 5-10 days later, re- APRICOT.. ........ copper sulphate solu- Bordeaux. Bordeaux. grown, Ammoniacal cop- peat fourth, peat fourth if neees- (Rot, mildew.) tion. per carbonate. sary. PEAR.. ...... As buds are swell- Just before blossoms After blossoms have 8-12 days later, re- 10-14 days later, 10-14 days later, re- (Leaf blight, scab, ing, copper sulphate open, Bordeaux. Kero- fallen, Bordeaux and peat third. Bordeaux. Kerosene peat fifth if necessary. psylla, codlin moth.) solution, sene emulsion when Arsenites. Kerosene emulsion applied forci- leaves open for psylla. emulsion if necessary, bly for psylla. PLUM..... .. During first warm When buds are swell- When blossoms have 10-14 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor- (Fungous diseases, days of early spring, ing, Bordeaux for black fallen,Bordeaux. Begin deaux. Jar trees for deaux for black knot. deaux for black knot. curculio.) Bordeaux for black knot. knot and other fungous to jar trees for curculio. curculio every 2-4 days. Jar trees for curculio. Later applications may When leaves are off in diseases. During mid- Before buds start in For San Jose scale, When young plum be necessary to prevent the fall, Kerosene emul- winter,Kerosene emul- spring, Kerosene emul- Kerosene emulsion scale insects first ap- leaf spot and fruit rot, sion for plum scale, sion for plum scale. sion for plum scale, when young appear in pear in summer, Kero- use Ammoniacal copper spring and summer, sene emulsion, carbonate. POTATO. ...... Soak seed for scab in When beetles first ap- When vines are two- 10-15 days later, re- 10-15 days later, Bor- (Scab, blight, beetles.) corrosive sublimate so- pear, Arsenites. thirds grown, Bordeaux. peat third, deaux if necessary. lution (2 oz. to 16 gals. Arsenites for beetles if 0 of water) for 90 min- necessary. 0 utes. QUINCE . ...... When blossom buds When fruit has set, 10-20 days later, 10-20 days later, Bor- 10-20 days later, Bor- (Leaf and fruit spot.) appear, Bordeaux. Bordeaux and Arsen- Bordeaux. deaux. deaux. ites. RASPBERRY.. 1 Before buds break, During summer, if Repeat second if (Orange or red rust BLACKBERRY .... copper sulphate solu- rust appears on leaves, necessary, is treated best by de- DEWBERRY. . tion. Cut out badly Bordeaux. stroying entirely the (Anthracnose, rust.) diseased canes, affected plants.) RosE:. . .... For mildew. Keep For black spot. For red spider. For aphis. Spray (Kerosene emulsion. (Mildew, black spot, heating pipes painted Spray plants once a Spray plants twice a affected parts with must be used very di- red spider, aphis,) with equal arts of lime week with Ammoniacal week with Kerosene Kerosene emulsion lute, as rose foliage is and. sulphur mixed with copper carbonate, using emulsion. Apply to when necessary. easily injured by it.) water to form a thin fine spray, under side of foliage. paste. STRAWBERRY .... As first fruits are set- As first fruits are When last fruits are Repeat third if foli- Repeat third if nee- (Young plants not in (Rust.) tling .Bordeaux. ripening, Ammoniacal harvested, Bordeaux. age rusts, essary. bearing may be treat- copper carbonate. ed throughout the fruiting season.) TOMATO ..... ........ At first appearance Repeat first if dis- Repeat first when (Rot, blight.) of blight or rot, under eases are not checked. necessary. glass or out of doors, Bordeaux. VIOLET... ...... When blight is first Repeat first in 10-20 Repeat first in 10-20 Repeat first if nee- (Bordeaux mixture (Kerosene emulsion (Blight, red spider.) seen in summer, Bor- days for blight, days for blight, essary. has been tested for must be used very di- deaux." Kerosene emul- violet diseases only to lute, as violet foliage sion for insects when a limited extent.) is easily injured by it.) necessary. Bordeaux Mixture. Copper Sulphate Solution. position of London purple is exceedingly variable, and un- Copper sulphate .. ....... .... '... .. ......... ........6 pounds less good reasons exist for supposing that it contains as much Quicklime ................... ....4 " Copper sulphate ...................... ,..... .......... i pound arsenic as Paris green, use the latter poison. Do not use Water. , ........ * .. ....... - * * -*......... "^ ' o* - ** o. gallons Water. . ........................... ................ 15 gallons London purple on peach or plum trees unless considerable Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in a bag of Dissolve the copper sulphate in the water, when it is ready lime is added. For insects which chew. coarse cloth and hanging this in a vessel holding at least 4 for use. This should never be applied to foliage, but must be gallons, so that it is just covered by the water. Use an used before the buds break. For peaches and nectarines use Hellebore. earthen or wooden vessel. Slake the lime in an equal 25 gallons of water. For fungous diseases. Fresh white hellebore ....................... .........I ounce amount of water Then mix the two and add enough water Paris Green. It is then ready for immediate use but Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so ener- will keep indefinitely. If the mixture is to be used on peach Paris green....... ............... .......... ......... i pound getic as the arsenites and may be used a short time before the foliage it is advisable to add an extra pound of lime to the Water ........................ .. ..... .... 2oo--3oo gallons sprayed portions mature. For insects which chew. above formula. When applied to such plants as carnations If this mixture is to be used upon peach trees, 1 pound of or cabbages it will adhere better if about a pound of hard quicklime should be added. Repeated applications will in- Kerosene Emulsion. soap be dissolved in hot water and added to the mixture, jure most foliage, unless lime is added. Paris green and For rots, moulds, mildews and fungous diseases. Bordeaux mixture can be applied together with perfect safety. Hard soap ......................*............ ..... 1/2 pound Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate. Use at the rate of 4 ounces of the arsenites to 50 gallons of the Boiling water ........................ .......... ..... i gallon Copper carbonate..................... . mixture. The action of neither is weakened, and the Paris Kerosene ................. .......................... 2 gallons Copper carbonate.........................1 ounce green loses all caustic properties. For insects which chew. Dissolve the soap inthewater, add the kerosene, and churn Ammonia ...................... enough to dissolve the copper with a pump for 5-10 minutes. Dilute 10 to 25 times before Water. ................... ........................ 9 gallons London Purple. applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects. For The copper carbonate is best dissolved in large bottles, insects which suck, as plant lice, mealy bugs, red spider, where it will keep indefinitely, and it should be diluted with This is used in the same proportion as Paris green, but as thrips, bark lice or scale. Cabbage worms, currant worms, water as required. For the same purposes as Bordeaux it is more caustic it should be applied with two or three times and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be success- mixture. its weight of lime, or with the Bordeaux mixture, The com- fully treated. |